The s(quad) model

The s(quad) model, a pattern approach for understanding the individual and their social network relations: Application to loneliness

The aim of this research is to explore how individuals interact within their personal social networks, such as family, friends, and significant others. It introduces the “squad model,” which examines how people balance their needs for connection (communion) and autonomy (agency) within these networks. By categorizing individuals into four distinct configurations based on their levels of communion and agency, the model provides insights into loneliness and other outcomes.

Figure. Illustration of different quads proposed in the s(quad) model.

Read more about the s(quad) model here.